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Command Post: fdisk

Command Post is a series designed increase your understanding of a given command, it’s configuration files, usage and tips for exam questions about the command.

Understanding fdisk

The fdisk tool is line oriented and somewhat cryptic. When you issue commands to the fdisk tool, your choices and the output scroll upward over time and disappear from view, making it hard to see large sets of disk information and even to remember where you are in a complex configuration.  (This is in marked contrast to tools like cfdisk, where everything is screen-oriented and menu-driven.  We’ll be covering cfdisk separately in another Command Post.)

It’s very important to remember that fdisk destructively alters the partition table, with the writing taking place after you press the W key and Enter. Up to that point, pressing the Q key and Enter helps you escape an fdisk configuration gone bad.

Using fdisk

A typical fdisk session that creates a typical workstation disk layout is described in the following, step-by-step list. The partition layout consists of 200MB /boot, 750MB swap, and 6GB / (root). It then makes a single extended partition and a 1GB data partition in that extended partition:

Please note that output from the fdisk program is shown to support what the user will see. Anywhere you need to type or enter something, I’ve noted it.

1. Start the fdisk tool, specifying the disk to configure the following.  (For example, if you have a single IDE drive, you would use the target /dev/hda.)

# fdisk /dev/hda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2088.
... (text deleted)
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help):

2. Type m for the menu:

Command action
  a toggle a bootable flag
  b edit bsd disklabelc toggle the dos compatibility flag
  d delete a partition
  l list known partition types
  m print this menu
  n add a new partition
  o create a new empty DOS partition table
  p print the partition table
  q quit without saving changes
  s create a new empty Sun disklabel
  t change a partition’s system id
  u change display/entry units
  v verify the partition table
  w write table to disk and exit
  x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):

3. Issue the p command to see the partition table, and assume it’s blank:

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/hda: 17.1 GB, 17179803648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help):

4. To create a 200MB /boot partition, issue the following commands:

n
p
1
(Press Enter)
+200MB
(Press Enter)

5. Check your new partition with the p command.

6. To create the 750MB swap partition, issue the following commands:

n
p
2
(Press Enter)
+750MB
(Press Enter)

7. To create the 6GB root partition, issue the following commands:

n
p
3
(Press Enter)
+6000MB
(Press Enter)

8. Enter the p command again to check the layout again:

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 25 200781 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 26 117 738990 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 118 847 5863725 83 Linux
Command (m for help):

9. To create the extended partition, issue the following keystrokes:

n
e
4
(Press Enter)
(Press Enter)

10. To create the data logical partition, issue the following keystrokes:

n
(Press Enter)
+1024MB
(Press Enter)

11. Lastly, set the 750MB partition to the type 82, which is used for Linux
swap partitions with the following:

t
2
L
82

12. Check your partition layout with the p command:

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 25 200781 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 26 117 738990 82 Linux swap
/dev/hda3 118 847 5863725 83 Linux
/dev/hda4 848 2088 9968332+ 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 848 972 1004031 83 Linux

13. Write the changes to the disk with the w command followed by pressing Enter.

It’s important to note that while the fdisk command may now indicate that the system might require a reboot at this point because you’ve altered the drive on which the system’s root (/) partition exists. Also note how the first logical partition becomes /dev/hda5 for IDE drives.

Summary

Partitioning properly is an important skill for a system administrator to have, and you’ll find that servers and workstations partitioning needs are quite different.  A workstation can have a very simple and direct partitioning structure, there’s usually a single user and most data will be in the /home/username directory.  If the user fills up their home directory and consequently the / of the drive, it will likely affect only the user.  (Well, and the poor helpdesk staffer who takes _that_ call.)

Servers are a completely different matter, there are many situations for a server that necessitate putting a section of the filesystem on it’s own partition.  For example, putting /home on it’s own partition is key, this limits the system’s users disk usage to that partition, leaving the root partition unaffected.  An additional high-traffic/volume directory tree is /var.  Putting /var on it’s own partition limits the damage that unusual amounts of log entries (/var/log) or mail (/var/spool/mail) or for some distributions web (/var/www) or FTP (/var/ftp) can cause.  An FTP upload session gone bad, or an attempted denial of service by uploading ISO images to the FTP upload directory can disable an improperly-partitioned server by quickly filling the drive, including the /.

You can get more information about the use of fdisk from a variety of sources, the first of which would be Chapter 1 of the current version of my book, LPIC 1 Exam Cram 2 (look for it in the sidebar ->), starting on Pg 10, the second would be the man pages for the fdisk command (man fdisk).

Enjoy,

RossB

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Certifiable: Preparing for the LPIC Level 1 Certification – Part 2

rossbrunsonCertifiable is a series dedicated to helping you get ready to take the LPIC 1 exams, both in mental state and how to study and experiment more effectively.

In Part 1 of the Certifiable Series we discussed studying for your LPIC, how to succeed and how to fail.

How Ready are You for the Exams?

How ready are you to take and pass the LPI Level 1 exams? This article is designed to give you an inside view of many details that often escape examinees until they’ve taken their first exam, win or lose.  Every bit of advance information that can be conveyed to you will help reduce your stress, dispel the unknown and make you that much more likely to succeed in passing your exam.

The Exams

You will be taking two exams as a part of this certification: the 117-101 and 117-102.  In older previous versions of the exams you had two choices for the first exam: 117-101 RPM and 117-101 DPKG.  The two 101 exams were identical, except that the RPM exam covers the RPM package style, whereas the DPKG exam focuses on Debian’s .deb packaging style.

Now we’re back to two exams, 101 and 102, with topic 102 of exam 101 being Linux Installation and Package Management, containing both the RPM and DPKG packaging styles, as well as adding the YUM package management style.

Sections and Weights

The exam’s are broken up into sections, 101-104 for the first (101) exam, and 105-110 for the second (102) exam, (see below).  Each section contains multiple sub-sections, such as GNU and Unix Commands containing 103.1 Work on the command line and 103.3 Perform basic file management, among many others.  Each sub-section’s contents are assigned question weights.

Note: Weights on an exam topic denote how many questions are likely to appear on the exam, not how much is scored for each question.

The table below shows the main section numbers, names and weights for reference.

examtable

It’s good to know the breakdown of sections and questions for the exams before you take them. This information is not proprietary; it’s just something you don’t typically see unless you take the exams or do extensive research with the LPI Objectives Wiki.

Taking the Actual Exams

The LPIC exams are all 90 minutes in length. A reminder of this time amount is the ticking clock on the screen that lets you know how much time is left before they kick you out of the exam, or you’re done.

Both of the major testing vendors use similarly functioning systems, so anywhere you take the LPIC exams will have the same methodology of exam generation. LPIC exams are randomly generated at the time of registration and then downloaded to the testing center on the day of testing. Each and every exam is randomly generated, with the questions doled out based on the weights and section.  If, by chance, two people register at the same time, they might get vaguely similar exams, but it should be noted that even between the two exams the order of the questions and the order of the answers for the questions will be randomized. It’s extremely unlikely that two examinees will get an identical exam or get the same exam mix and questions for a retake. Don’t bother trying to figure out what will appear the next time; be sure to look at the second sheet of your test results and study further for the sections you didn’t do well on.

Taking the exam is quite an adventure, and it involves real thinking as well as skill and time management. This series shows you what to expect and how to deal with the potential problems, puzzles, and predicaments you are likely to encounter.

Beta Questions

Warning:  Exams can contain a number of beta questions, making them longer and adding additional time to compensate for those questions.  Many examinees are somewhat taken aback by this practice, and I’m not a fan of experimenting on the paying customers in this way, but it’s a fact of life and you should be prepared for it.  These beta questions are being vetted, measured for how many people pass or fail each one and then normalize later for inclusion into future exam question pools.

LPI does not let you know beforehand if you’re taking an exam containing beta questions, you just find out when you sign in and start taking the exam.  If the number of exam questions is greater than the total of the question weights for that exam’s objectives, you can count on those extra questions being of the beta variety.  For example, a normal exam is around 60 questions and allots 1.5 hours to complete the exam, whereas a beta exam will be 80 questions and is alloted 2 hours to complete.  Unfortunately, the beta questions are interspersed with the exam questions that count for your score and you can’t safely ignore or skip any question.

For those who have left-over mental capacity while taking an exam, beta or otherwise, please help the process by adding a comment to any question that seems to have a problem or that you feel could be made either more clear or to the point.  You’ll get a nice warm feeling of helping others and who knows, you might want to join the exam development group as a result.

Tips and Tricks to Succeed

One of the strategies that attendees seem to have great success with is skipping and marking questions they don’t know or that will take a lot of time to answer. This requires a lot of discipline, contrary to conventional wisdom. I’ve heard of people getting the answers to previous questions from reading and answering later ones—several people who experienced mental vaporlock had their memories jogged by a question and were able to navigate back and change a wrong answer.

This isn’t cheating, no matter what a purist might say. It’s intelligent use of the interface and your own skills; the testing environment is stressful enough without having your brain lock up on you. Additional stressors include a boss who said, “Don’t come back without your certification,” and knowing that everyone else is waiting for you to emerge victorious before they take the exam! Nothing like being the point man or woman….

Ending the Exam

The next-to-last screen presented at the end of the exam is the Review screen. This is where you can see whether you’ve not answered a question (denoted by a red mark next to it), left any choose-two or three questions with too few answers (same red mark), or marked any questions for review (black check/X next to it).

Warning: It’s essential that you revisit the incomplete or marked questions before you click the End Exam button because it’s too late then!

A certain number of attendees will try to outguess the interface and leave the choose-all type of questions with a single or no answer. This does not generate a red mark next to the question, and you might well forget the question, getting it completely wrong.

Tip:  If you marked questions and don’t know the answers, for heaven’s sake, guess!  It’s possible you’ll get some right and I have seen examinees miss passing by one question in this situation, don’t let it be you!

The exam ends when you click the End Exam button. The system will print out two sheets; the section scores will be on the second sheet. You’re not informed of your score until you get out of the exam room or to the printer!

Getting Your Score

This I feel is unnecessarily stressful and can give your evil-minded instructor a chance to mess with you! If a candidate has actually failed an exam, we are straight-faced, empathetic and helpful in remedying their situation with study tips and the odd shoulder to sob on.  However, if a cocky student does pass and needs a bit of teasing, we’re entirely capable of greeting them with a long and serioius face and a conciliatory pat on the back, then springing the winning score on them! Hilarity often ensues.

Enjoy,

RossB

Copyright 2000-2009 Ross Brunson

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Question Dissection: Run Commands via LILO

Note:  The Question Dissection Series is designed to present a sample LPIC Exam question taken from various sources for study, providing the right and wrong answers with explanations designed to show you how questions should be read and understood.  Additionally there are Notes that point to sites, resources and other tools to help you study properly for the concepts contained in the question.

Question: Run Commands via LILO

From objective 101.2 Install a Boot Manager

Which of the following LILO command options causes the foobar command to be executed upon reboot of the machine?

❑ A. lilo –b foobar
❑ B. lilo –R foobar
❑ C. lilo –v foobar
❑ D. lilo < foobar

Answer B is correct because the R option is designed to run a command upon the next system boot. Answer A is incorrect because the b option is for specifying the boot device.
Answer C is incorrect because the v option specifies verbosity when the command is run.
Answer D is incorrect because the lilo command doesn’t accept input in this fashion.

Notes:  LILO allows for command execution upon next boot, and knowing how this works can shorten the cycle of a scripted installation, new software installation or updates etc.  In addition, knowing how to install, configure and troubleshoot LILO is still an important skill to possess as a sysadmin, although distributions are using GRUB more than ever these days.

Several resources can be helpful in learning more about this topic, the first of which would be Chapter 1 of the current version of my LPIC 1 Exam Cram 2 book (look for it in the sidebar ->), starting on Pg 14, the second would be the lilo man pages ( man lilo ).

Any comments, suggestions or questions are welcome.

RossB

Copyright 2000-2009 Ross Brunson

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Command Post: Using the Shell *UPDATED*

Command Post is a series designed increase your understanding of a given command, it’s configuration files, usage and tips for exam questions about the command.

Understanding Shells

A shell is a program designed to interpret the commands users type, parse for expansions and wildcards, and then produce instructions to the computer to accomplish those tasks.

Unless you change the defaults, the Linux shell is normally the bash shell. Of course, many other shells exist. A partial list is shown in the following table.

linux_shells_table

Among other pieces of information, the user’s default shell is specified in the /etc/passwd entry for that user. If the shell that is specified does not exist, the user is not permitted to log in.

Special shells can be specified, such as /bin/false (which returns a nonzero error code, effectively blocking access by a user attempting to log in) or /etc/nologin (which is used to block logins for accounts that have been disabled and echo a message that login is denied). The /etc/nologin file might not exist on some systems.

Deconstructing a Login Shell Session

A login shell is one that is executed when logging in to the system. The /etc/profile file is the global configuration file that affects all users’ environments if they use the bash shell. It’s sourced (read) every time a user performs a login shell. This file is a script and is executed right before the user’s profile script.  The user’s ~/.bash_profile script, if it exists, is the next script that’s sourced.  This file contains variables, code, and settings that directly affect that user’s—and only that user’s—environment. This script calls, or sources, the next script, which is .bashrc.

The .bash_profile script can also be referred to or named as the .bash_login or .profile script. If all three exist, the .bash_profile is sourced alone; otherwise, if it doesn’t exist, the .bash_login is sourced. Finally, if the first two are nonexistent, the .profile script is sourced. This functionality is used almost entirely by Bourne shell users upgrading to a bash system as a way to keep their settings in the same .profile file.

The .bashrc file is called by the .bash_profile or one of the profile’s aliases and is used to set various shell settings and options, set the prompt, and define aliases and functions for command-line execution. The last script sourced during a user’s login session is the .bash_logout file. This file is used to issue the clear command, so text from any previous command is not left on the user’s screen after he logs out.

TIP: Be careful on the exam because a lot of test-takers do not pick the .bash_logout file as part of the user’s login session. It’s definitely one of the more missed elements in the shell section.

An example of the user’s login session might be the following:

1. The user logs in with a username and password.
2. The /etc/profile is sourced.
3. The user’s .bash_profile is sourced.
4. The user’s .bashrc is sourced from within the .bash_profile.
5. The user conducts his business.
6. The user initiates a logout with the logout or exit command or by
pressing Ctrl+D.
7. The user’s .bash_logout script is sourced.

Summary

Remember these important things:  1.  Executing a script file only loads the settings contained in it within the life of the sub-shell the script executes in, they are gone when the sub-shell exits.  2.  Sourcing a script file ( preceeding it with dot, such as ” .  /etc/bashrc” will load the variables and settings in that file into the current shell.

For more information on how to use the shell, you can turn to many multiple resources, including Chapter 2 of the current version of my LPIC 1 Exam Cram 2 book (look for it in the sidebar ->), starting on Pg 28, the second would be the bash shell’s man page (man bash), still another would be the Guides section of The Linux Document Project’s site, particularly the Bash Guide for Beginners.

Any comments, suggestions or questions are welcome.

RossB

Copyright 2000-2009 Ross Brunson

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Certifiable: Preparing for the LPIC Level 1 Certification – Part 3

rossbrunsonCertifiable is a series dedicated to helping you get ready to take the LPIC 1 exams, both in mental state and how to study and experiment more effectively.

Registering and Taking LPI Exams

There are three things you need to do to take an LPI exam with one of the testing providers:

  1. Get Your Candidate ID from LPI
  2. Register and Schedule Your Exam
  3. Show up and take the Exam

Getting Your Candidate ID from LPI

The first thing you’ll have to do as an LPI exam candidate is to go to the LPI site and register to get your candidate ID.  You can do this by navigating to the LPI home page, then select the “Certification” button on the top menu to open the Certification page, and click on the “Register Now” link on the left panel.  This will take you to the Registration page, where you can click on the “register here” link to start the registration process.

Note:  If you already have an LPI Candidate ID, you should NOT register yourself again, you’ll have multiple ID’s and exams won’t count properly.

Completing the registration is a three step process:

  1. Register for an LPI ID.
  2. Set up preferences.
  3. Optional demographic information.

Once you’ve filled out the form and agreed to the terms, press the “Submit” button and you’ll be shown a page that contains your sparkling-new LPI ID.  Print the page, email it to yourself, write it down, but remember that number, it’s key to being able to schedule an exam with the testing providers.

Note:  If you somehow lose the number, or the browser crashes before you can print it out or write it down, just login to the LPI member area and you’ll see your number at the top of the page.

Registering and Scheduling an Exam

Taking your exam requires you to register and pay for the exam first, which you can do by visiting either VUE or Prometric‘s sites.  For example, to register and schedule an exam via VUE, you would navigate to the VUE website, click on the “Learn” tab and from the menu in the middle of the page select “Information Technology – IT” and scroll down in the right panel to select the “Linux Professional Institute — LPI” item.

This will load up the page that pertains to the LPI Programs, where you can search for the right exam, locate a testing center, manage your exams and get support for any issues you might encounter.  You can also navigate directly to this page by appending “/lpi” to the end of the VUE site URL.

There are three options for scheduling an exam:

  1. Schedule Online
  2. Schedule by Phone
  3. Schedule through Testing Center

Warning:  if you choose to schedule online you will have to go through yet ANOTHER registration process with the testing provider to complete the scheduling online.

Show Up and Take the Exam

When you arrive at the testing center to take your exam, you need to sign in with an exam proctor. They will ask you to show two forms of identification, one of which must be a photo ID, preferably government issued. After you have signed in, you are asked to deposit any books, bags, or other items you brought with you. Then you are escorted into the closed room that houses the exam seats.

All exams are completely closed book, open mind. In fact, you typically aren’t permitted to take anything with you into the testing area. Some centers are a little more relaxed than others; shop around to find one that suits you. Some gladly give you extra paper or laminated sheets, but others might seem stingy or suspicious of your motives. Try to understand what might have caused those behaviors—for instance, the center might have been plagued by cheaters and questionable examinees in the past.

You will be furnished with a variety of possible note-taking materials, all of which must be surrendered upon exiting the exam room. Possible scenarios include: a pen or pencil and blank sheets of paper; a notepad of paper and writing implements; and a laminated sheet of paper and an erasable felt-tip pen.

Tips for Remembering Key Information

You are allowed to write down any information you want on your writing tablet or whatever the center has provided for you. You should memorize as much of the material you think you’ll have a hard time with, charts, tables etc. so you can write that information on the blank sheets as soon as you are seated in front of the computer.  Take a few minutes before you hit the exam start button to write down all the items you memorized and think you’ll need.

Tip:  Here’s the key to using the writing materials you have been given: Write down anything you want to remember for the exam, starting from the moment they sign you in.

They (the mythical they) say that humans only use 10% of their brain’s capacity, with no one quite sure what the other 90% is taken up with. I can tell you something that no scientist will agree with, but I know to be true for techies: It’s all operating system overhead! We use it for motor skills, surfing games, and finding the nearest Starbucks.

You have only a limited amount of mental RAM, so use it wisely and commit things you know you’ll need to paper as a way to free up that 10% of your brain so it can all be used for the purpose of taking the exam.

The Testing Room

Typically, the room will be furnished with anywhere from 2 to 30 computer stations, each of which should be separated from the others by dividers designed to keep you from seeing what is happening on someone else’s computer. Most test rooms feature a wall with a large picture window. This permits the exam proctor to monitor the room, prevent exam takers from talking to one another, and observe anything out of the ordinary that might go on. The exam proctor will have preloaded the appropriate LPIC certification exams. You’re permitted to start as soon as you sit down in front of the computer. Ensure that you agree to the testing agreement, as refusing to do so will void your exam.

Note;  You might experience a wide variety of types and styles of testing centers, as well as differences in enforcement of policy, so shop around and find one that meets your needs and style.  I have literally taken exams in an approved testing center that was off to the side of an airplane hangar, with a friendly but somewhat-disinterested cat sitting on the table while I took my exam.

Enjoy,

RossB

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Question Dissection: LILO Timeout

Note:  The Question Dissection Series is designed to present a sample LPIC Exam question taken from various sources for study, providing the right and wrong answers with explanations designed to show you how questions should be read and understood.  Additionally there are Notes that point to sites, resources and other tools to help you study properly for the concepts contained in the question.

Question: LILO Timeout

From objective 102.2 Install a Boot Manager

Your system’s /etc/lilo.conf file has been edited to have a value of 50 for the timeout option. What is the effect of this on the system, assuming the lilo command was used afterward to update the boot loader location?

❍ A. The system waits 5 seconds to boot.
❍ B. The system waits 50 seconds to boot.
❍ C. The system won’t boot; it’s incorrect.
❍ D. The system waits the hex value of 50 to boot.

Answer A is correct because it will wait 5 seconds to boot the default entry. The timeout option’s values are in 1/10ths of a second.
Answer B is incorrect because the timeout option’s values are in seconds.
Answer C is incorrect because the system will boot the default entry.
Answer Dis incorrect because the timeout option uses 1/10ths of a second for its value.

Notes:  Boot managers are really important, obviously you can’t boot the system if your LILO or GRUB files are pooched.  A couple of resources for learning more about this topic exist, the first of which would be Chapter 1 of the current version of my book LPIC 1 Exam Cram 2 (look for it in the sidebar ->), starting on Pg 14, the second would be the lilo man pages, ( man 5 lilo.conf ), and a great HOWTO about the Linux Boot Process titled:  From-PowerUp-To-Bash-Prompt-HOWTO.

Any comments, suggestions or questions are welcome.

RossB

Copyright 2000-2009 Ross Brunson

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Certifiable: Preparing for the LPIC Level 1 Certification – Part 1

rossbrunsonCertifiable is a series dedicated to helping you get ready to take the LPIC 1 exams, both in mental state and how to study and experiment more effectively.

Let’s Roll

So, you’ve decided you need to get a Linux Cert, and have chosen the Linux Professional Institute’s LPIC Level 1.  Excellent — it’s not an easy cert, but I’m absolutely certain I can be of assistance in your reaching this goal.

Plenty of people have taken the Linux Professional Institute Certification (LPIC) exams, but only approximately 40% make it through the first exam (101) on the first try. That’s a pretty slim margin, but it helps keep the certification worthy and respected in the exam industry.

It’s funny, but if you have someone take the two exams (101 and 102) that make up the LPIC Level 1 cert back to back, they’ll usually do worse on the 102 exam.  If they pass the 101 exam, then work for a while at those tasks and study for the 102, they usually do BETTER on the 102 exam, mostly because they have practiced and absorbed the tasks that make it easier to understand what’s being asked, and have some frame of reference for being able to answer those harder and higher-level questions.

Realistically, people prepare for the LPIC exams in several ways—some advisable, others not quite cheating but not recommended. It’s better to avoid even the appearance of cheating, and you’ll feel much better about the resulting cert if you play it by the book.

Studying and Preparing

The following list is a (recommended) set of things you should do to prepare for this set of exams (and others):

  • Study the objectives, thoroughly.
  • Understand every command listed in the objectives.
  • Try everything mentioned several times on a live machine.
  • Read every study guide in existence.
  • Buy books like this one and read them thoroughly.
  • Search the Web to find answers (known hereafter as Googling).
  • Take a class, do all the labs, and use it as a springboard to learn more.
  • Acquire your own Linux guru to bug incessantly with questions about how things work.
  • Join your local Linux user group (LUG) and geek out regularly, or start the local LUG if it doesn’t already exist.
  • Read every study and article (TCO, implementation, and so on) published on the topic.
  • Regularly learn a new topic and focus on measurable steps.

Now for the list of things you should avoid when preparing for these (or any) exams:

  • Surfing the “braindump” sites; most of the answers are fallacious at best, and fantasy and criminally wrong at worst.
  • Using test-preparation guides that purport to “guarantee” your passing.
  • Several vendors offer what (at least to this author) look like exact copies of the questions. This is illegal.
  • Using study-buddy situations in which a group of candidates serially take the exam, slowly building a pool of questions for later examinees.

Taking an exam can be a very nerve-wracking experience. When I do bootcamps, part of the introductory briefing is to take everyone to the testing center and let them see the “torture chamber” so it’s not unknown when exam time comes.

Take Heart, Grasshopper

The LPIC exams are one of the most difficult in the industry, and I’m not just telling you this to make you uncomfortable, either. The usual Microsoft or Cisco question can be quite wordy, with a lot of fluff and distracters—not the LPIC. LPIC questions are rarely more than a couple of sentences and are usually as blunt as a two-by-four to the knees.

Rather than worry about the environment and how the testing center will be, concentrate on the exam questions, the types and strategies, and how you’ll prepare for the exam.  Good preparation makes the rest of the experience take a back seat. You’re there to take the exam, not worry about whether they’ll give you enough paper or pens.

Prepare — For Success

This series—besides explaining the LPIC exam environment and software, will describe some proven exam-taking strategies you should be able to use to your advantage.

Enjoy,

RossB

Copyright 2000-2009 Ross Brunson

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Hello and Introduction

rossbrunsonHi, I’m Ross Brunson, a long-time Linux sysadmin, consultant and trainer.  I created and taught for a number of years the world’s first LPIC Level 1 Boot Camps, helping thousands of attendees learn Linux and consequently pass their LPIC 1 exams.  I’m a member of the LPI Technical Advisory Council, a board member of the Open Source Software Institute and a speaker at Linuxworld and other technical conferences.

In 2003 I got tired of all the LPIC books being so out of date, so I pitched the concept of an Exam Cram to Pearson/Que and they went for it.  I began using the book in class, with great results, I could talk less, they could read more, and pass rates went way up!

Commercially, the book has been very successful, still selling briskly, and has helped many tens of thousands of hopeful candidates learn Linux and pass their LPIC exams.  The book is written not as an exam dump, but in a conversational style that closely follows the typical classroom experience, giving the reader the experience of “a boot camp in a can” as one of my kind attendees so elegantly put it.lpiclvl1_examcram2_cover_lrg

Good news, we’re updating the book, and it’ll be out in Q2 of 2009, featuring all the original goodness, plus updates to include all changes that have occurred since the original publication. Ok, so the alternative Good News is that instead of going through the standard publishing process, which is very long, time-consuming and pays very little, I’m taking all my classroom experience and creating a set of Moodle courses that will encompass all the best training, information and tips about preparing for and getting the LPIC 1 certificiation.

This blog, the new Moodle courses, Youtube channel, Twitter feed and other avenues are to help spread the word, educate potential candidates and to raise the awareness of the Linux Professional Institute’s great entry-level certification — the LPIC 1.

I’ve learned a great deal since that book was written, and continue to every day.  From now on, I’ll be blogging, tweeting, building courses and screencasting my experiences along the way, and trying to make getting this foundational and very lucrative certification easier for everyone, accessible from anywhere in the world, at very affordable costs.

If I can help out, or there’s a topic you want to see covered in a post or a video, feel free to shoot me an email or leave a comment, I’ll consider and try to use any reasonable input.

Thanks and stay tuned, there’s a LOT of information coming your way.

Enjoy,

RossB

Copyright 2000-2009 Ross Brunson

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